1. Introduction to PHP
   Covers the basics of PHP, its server-side nature, and how it integrates with HTML to build dynamic websites.
2. Setting up the PHP Environment
   Teaches how to install XAMPP/WAMP or LAMP for PHP development and configure the server.
3. PHP Syntax and Structure
   Explains basic syntax, embedding PHP in HTML, and the role of semicolons and case sensitivity.
4. Variables and Data Types
   Covers variable declaration and data types such as integers, strings, floats, and booleans in PHP.
5. Constants in PHP
   Teaches how to define and use constants for fixed values across the application.
6. Operators in PHP
   Explains arithmetic, comparison, logical, and assignment operators with usage examples.
7. Control Structures
   Covers conditional statements (if, else, switch) and loops (for, while, foreach) for logic control.
8. PHP Functions
   Teaches how to define reusable functions, pass parameters, and use return statements.
9. String Handling in PHP
   Explores common string functions like strlen(), str_replace(), and string concatenation.
10. Arrays and Array Functions
    Covers array creation, manipulation, and built-in array functions like array_merge() and sort().
11. Associative Arrays and Multidimensional Arrays
    Teaches how to create and manipulate associative and nested arrays.
12. Superglobals in PHP
    Explains the role of superglobal variables like $_GET, $_POST, and $_SESSION.
13. Handling Forms with PHP
    Teaches how to process HTML forms using the GET and POST
14. Session and Cookie Management
    Explains how to manage sessions and cookies to maintain user data across pages.
15. Error Handling in PHP
    Covers handling runtime errors using try-catch blocks and custom error handlers.
16. PHP File Handling
    Teaches how to read, write, and append to files using PHP’s file-handling functions.
17. Working with Dates and Time
    Explains how to manage date and time data using PHP functions like date() and time().
18. PHP and MySQL Integration
    Teaches how to connect PHP applications to MySQL databases for dynamic content management.
19. CRUD Operations with PHP and MySQL
    Covers creating, reading, updating, and deleting data using PHP and MySQL queries.
20. Prepared Statements and Security
    Explains how to use prepared statements to prevent SQL injection attacks.
21. PHP Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
    Teaches how to create classes, objects, and use OOP concepts like inheritance and polymorphism.
22. File Uploads in PHP
    Covers how to build forms for file uploads and handle the uploaded files on the server.
23. Working with JSON in PHP
    Explains how to encode and decode JSON data for API interactions.
24. PHP and AJAX Integration
    Teaches how to use AJAX with PHP for asynchronous data updates.
25. PHP and RESTful API Development
    Covers creating RESTful APIs in PHP and handling HTTP requests.
26. Authentication and Authorization
    Explains how to implement user login systems with role-based access control.
27. Email Handling with PHP
    Teaches how to send emails using PHP’s mail() function or external SMTP servers.
28. Working with PHP Frameworks (Laravel)
    Introduces Laravel framework for rapid development and best practices in PHP projects.
29. PHP Unit Testing
    Explains the basics of testing PHP code with PHPUnit for code quality assurance.
30. Using Composer for Dependency Management
    Teaches how to use Composer for managing external libraries and packages in PHP projects.
31. PHP Security Best Practices
    Covers secure coding practices, such as input validation, data sanitization, and protection against common vulnerabilities.
32. Performance Optimization in PHP
    Explains techniques for optimizing PHP code and caching strategies for faster applications.

Capstone Project
Students will build a complete web application, applying all the PHP concepts learned throughout the course.